5)  how does water temperature affect plants?

Water temperature affects plants in many ways. A change of temperature alters metabolic activity and even affects aquatic ecosystems. From houseplants to aquatic plants, water temperature plays a part in growth and development. For example when winter snow showers over the land many plants die of the coldness thats why many famrers have green houses. Also If the water is too hot or too cold, then it can damage the root system of the plant. The roots are very sensitive, and can freeze or burn if the water temperature is wrong.Water is crucial to all life. Even the most hardy desert plant needs water. So how does water affect plant growth? What does water do for a plant? There are three potential situations with water: too much, too little and of course, just enough.Yes, water temperature can affect plant growth. Cold water can shock roots (and cool down the soil, and most plants prefer warm soil) and water will not be absorbed up the plants as well. Hot water will burn (cook, actually) roots and prevent water absorption. Cool to warm is good, with tepid being the best.

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4) How does air pollution effect plants?

- Human industrial and commercial activity cause air pollution, and this can damage plants both in the short and long term. Although air pollution has decreased in most of the developed world due to strict regulations and controls designed to improve air quality, pollution is still a significant problem in the developing world. Ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone are the biggest air pollutants affecting plants.

Chemicals and particulates in air pollution can damage or kill plants.

Acid Rain

• Acid rain forms when the acidic chemicals in air pollutants combine with water droplets in the atmosphere. The water turns acidic and, when it falls as rain, the acid can severely damage plants. Acid rain destroys plant leaves and also soaks into the ground, damaging the soil and making plant germination and growth impossible. Acid rain also affects agriculture and food supplies by damaging crops and reducing yields. Like I explained in question 1 this can commonly happen mainly when a high amount of radiation is released in the ecosystem.

Particulate Damage

• Air pollution from tiny particles of coal or cement dust can form a thin film on plant leaves, lowering light levels and reducing the plant's rate of photosynthesis. Some toxic airborne dusts, such as cement dust, contain chemicals that can dissolve plant leaf tissue. Particulate pollution can also damage plants when it settles on soil because plants absorb toxic substances from the soil through their root systems.

Ozone Pollution

• Ozone is an air pollutant that negatively affects plants. An accumulation of tropospheric ozone can have a significant impact on plants. The gas blocks plant stomata, preventing respiration and slowing down the plant's rate of photosynthesis, weakening and sometimes killing the plant. Ozone that enters the plant through its stomata can also destroy plant cells. Conversely, thinning of the protective ozone layer high in the Earth's atmosphere by chemical pollutants can also damage plants by exposing them to high levels of ultraviolet light.

Direct Chemical Damage

• Sulfur and nitrogen emissions from heavy industry can devastate plants, including large tracts of important forest. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide damage plants by destroying cellular membranes and inhibiting photosynthesis and respiration. This leads to stunted growth, leaf loss and injury, and more susceptibility to insect damage. Plants damaged by sulfur dioxide often look pale and bleached. Explained in question 3 chemicals kill plants, sure most can help them but over all chemicals or even burnt chemicals smoke can kill plants and stop photothynesis.

3) What chemicals negatively affect photosynthesis


Photosynthesis is an essential process that occurs within an ecosystem. Fueled by energy from the sun, plants convert water and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into carbohydrates. Plants can adapt to temporary shortages in these elements. However, chemicals can negatively affect photosynthesis by disrupting gas exchange or causing damage to plants. A plant negatively impacted by pollutants will not undergo photosynthesis but rather will focus its resources on recovery from the environmental impacts. New growth stops.

Sulfur Dioxide

• Sulfur dioxide from coal-plant emissions causes physical damage to plants through acid rain. Acid rain occurs when this chemical combines with moisture in the atmosphere to create acidic precipitation. Acid rain impairs photosynthesis by damaging leaves, the primary site where the process occurs. It also triggers other reactions that mobilize aluminum in the soil. Aluminum naturally occurs in a non-toxic form. When it is mobilized, it reduces populations of soil micro-organisms. The availability of nutrients decreases, resulting in a slowing of photosynthesis as plants attempt to conserve resources.

Arsenic

• Arsenic is a heavy metal often found in acidic mine drainage. Toxic runoff containing arsenic negatively impacts photosynthesis by lowering chlorophyll concentrations in plants as reported in a 2007 study published in the journal, Chemo sphere. Chlorophyll is vital for photosynthesis to occur as this molecule captures energy from the sun to fuel the process.

Nitrogen

• Nitrogen-containing fertilizers enter the environment primarily through agricultural runoff. While it can benefit plant growth, it can also have negative effects on plants. Nitrogen causes an increase in the above-ground portion of the plant. A nutrient imbalance results when the root system cannot keep up with the needs of the plant. Plants become vulnerable to disease, parasites and winter damage. Photosynthesis slows as the plant attempts to cope with the increased impact of environmental stress.

Glyphosate

• Glyphs is a chemical commonly found in garden pesticides such as Roundup and Rodeo. It enters the environment through drift by spraying the herbicide during windy conditions, runoff and accidental spills. Glyphosate interferes with photosynthesis by reducing chlorophyll and causing physical damage to plant leaves. Glyphosate is especially toxic in that it is a non selective pesticide. A non selective pesticide can potentially harm non-targeted plant species.

Phosphorus

• Phosphorus is chemical found in fertilizers. Phosphorus poses its greatest threat to aquatic plants. Phosphorus entering aquatic environments causes a surge in plant growth referred to as an algae bloom. As the algae die, bacteria begin the decomposition process. Soon, levels of dissolved oxygen decrease. Ammonia in the water increases. Photosynthesis ceases as conditions become acidic and too toxic to support life.

- There are many other ways chemicals can effect the processes of photosynthesis but mostly these 5 are the main deal.

 2) How does sunlight effect photosynthesis?

Sunlight is an important part of photosynthesis. This is because Photosynthesis is the when a plant turns the energy that it gets from the Sun into energy that the plant can use. When a plant has more sunlight it can photosynthesize faster because there is more sunlight for the plant to convert into energy. It is also important because it provides the energy that causes water and carbon dioxide to react.

How Does Sunlight Affect Photosynthesis?

• The light reaction is the first step in photosynthesis. Although all the steps of photosynthesis rely on sunlight, the light reaction is the step most directly tied to sunlight. Plants are outfitted with several pigments that absorb the sunlight. Once absorbed, sunlight is transported the porphyry ring, where it is converted into chemical energy.

• Unlike animals, plants can transform sunlight into energy. Whereas humans accumulate energy from the nutrients they digest in food, plants transform sunlight into the energy that fuels their growth through a process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis describes the transformation of sunlight into biochemical energy, so sunlight is an essential ingredient of photosynthesis.

Now, during photosynthesis, sunlight energy is used to power chemical reactions that combine water with the air's carbon dioxide to form starchy carbohydrate. In other words, during photosynthesis, sunlight energy is stored in carbohydrate for later use. Here's the simplified chemical formula for photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight ---> 6O 2 + C6 H12O 6 + 6H2 O
or...
carbon dioxide + water + sunlight --->
oxygen + carbohydrate + water
These are the proper mixtures of photothynsis

  1)    How does pollution affect photosynthesis?



1. Dry deposition of particles and gases on the plant decreases the photosynthesis. But nitrogen deposition is good for plants.
 
2.Acid rain is hazardous to the plant health.

Pollution (particles present in the atmosphere) increases the diffuse radiation and this increases photosynthesis.

Also another important factor in photosynthesis and plant like is soil, with soil being polluted plants can not grow.  

• Soil pollution impacts photosynthesis at the root level. Acidic rain caused by fossil fuel emissions increases the acidity of soils which causes a chemical to occur, creating toxic aluminum ions. These ions impede the plant's ability to take up nutrients, thereby slowing the process of photosynthesis and the overall growth of the plant.

Also not only soil can effect the way the plant grows but also something called the "Greenhouse Effect"

• Ground level ozone created by the greenhouse effect can create unfavorable conditions for photosynthesis to occur. Concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide prevent the release of radiant heat from the environment. Surface temperatures rise, increasing the rate of evaporation. Water becomes a limiting factor. To conserve precious resources, plants will close their stomata, reducing the availability of carbon dioxide to the plant. With limited carbon dioxide and water, photosynthesis slows

There are also many other ways plants cant make food for themselves.